Topic · Concept
Export controls
Export controls are government rules that decide who may receive advanced AI chips, the tools to make them and, in some cases, AI models and services. In the US they are written by the Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), and other governments, including Taiwan's and the EU's, run their own lists and licenses.
Fact file
US rules and regulatorExport Administration Regulations, 15 CFR parts 730–774, administered by the Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security
First US advanced computing chip controlsReleased October 7, 2022; published October 13, 2022 as an interim final rule (87 FR 62186)
Controlled AI chip classificationsECCNs 3A090 and 4A090, plus related ".z" items in Categories 3, 4 and 5 (for example, servers classified as ECCN 5A992.z)
AI Diffusion Rule not enforcedBIS announced on May 13, 2025, that it would not enforce the rule and plans to publish a rescission and a replacement rule
Chips used to train models for D:5 partiesBIS policy statement, May 13, 2025: supplying advanced chips to cloud (IaaS) providers, or US-person support, may need a license under the catch-all controls when the work will train AI models for parties headquartered in Country Group D:5 (including China) or Macau and there is knowledge the model will be used for a WMD or military-intelligence end use or end user
Chinese-headquartered buyers abroadBIS guidance, May 31, 2026: a license is required to export advanced computing items to entities headquartered in Country Group D:5 or Macau, or whose ultimate parent is, even when the entity is located elsewhere; the requirement dates from November 17, 2023
Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5 suspendedJune 12, 2026: Anthropic says a US government export control directive suspended access by any foreign national, so it disabled both models for all customers
Controls on Fable 5 and Mythos 5 liftedJune 30, 2026, per Anthropic; Fable 5 available worldwide again from July 1, 2026
Taiwan's penalties (Foreign Trade Act)Article 27: up to five years in prison and/or a fine of up to NT$3,000,000 for unauthorized shipment of strategic high-tech goods to restricted regions. Article 27-2: administrative fine of NT$60,000 to NT$3,000,000 for unauthorized shipment to other regions
Taiwan's entity listJune 10, 2025 update added 601 entities, including Huawei and SMIC; exports to listed entities need a permit from the International Trade Administration
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Latest on Export controls
Oct 18Policy · NewsIs Taiwan making AI chip smuggling to China a crime? What's confirmed about the plan, and what isn'tOct 16Models · ExplainerWhy is Claude Fable 5 unavailable? The June export-control ban, its return, and what you can use now
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Timeline
JUN 2026Controls on Fable 5 and Mythos 5 lifted
JUN 2026Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5 suspended
JUN 2025Taiwan's entity list